May 12, 2011

Part 4-2 The printing press---G11

The printing press

What do you think is the most important invention in the last 1000 years? Is it the light bulb or the Internet? Many people say that it is the printing press, a machine that allows us to print copies of books and documents. But why is the printing press so important?

 你覺得什麼是最重要的發明在近1000?是電燈泡還是網路嗎?許多人都說是印刷機,一個允許我們列印書和文件的機器。但是為何印刷機那麼的重要呢?

  The use of signet stones in ancient Babylonia and other places was the earliest known form of printing. These stones were seals and stamps that could be used for making impressions in clay.

  在古代巴比倫尼亞和其他地方使用的石頭圖章是最早知道列印的形式。這些石頭是印章和打印器且可以被使用在泥土上來製造蓋印。

  Before the printing press, books were copied by hand. Ancient Roman book publishers sometimes sold as many as 5,000 copies of a book that had been copied by slaves. But copying a book was such a time-consuming and expensive activity that often only a few copies of each book were made. As a result, usually only a small percentage of the population learned to read and had access to books.

  在印刷機之前,書的抄寫都是用手。古代羅馬的出版家有時候要賣掉5000本用命拚來的手抄本。但是抄書如同是一個浪費時間跟昂貴的行動且總是一本書的手抄本只有少數被製作。結果常常只有小比例的人懂得去讀而且可以使用書。

  In 1450, goldsmith Johannes Gutenberg in Germany invented the modern printing press. The impact of his machine is sometimes compared to the invention of the Internet. Ancient Chinese people invented paper in 105 AD and used woodblock printing before 200 AD. However, Gutenberg’s printing press was easy to use with languages that had alphabetic scripts. After 1450, thousands of copies of a popular book or newspaper could be made quickly and cheaply. Books and newspapers with ideas and images from all over the world become widely available to the public.

  1450年,約翰內斯古騰堡在德國發明了現代的印刷機。他的機器的影響有時候被拿來和網路的發明做比較。古代的中國人在西元105年時發明了紙而且在西元200前被使用在木頭印刷然而,古騰堡的印刷機輕易的使用在語言字母字體上。1450年後,數以千計的流行書或是報紙的複製可被快速且便宜地製造。書跟報紙的點子與想像來自全世界變成廣泛地在公眾上有用。

  Knowledge is power. Reading has created amazing revolutions in science, technology, religion, and politics. We have learned how to eradicate poverty and even travel to distant worlds. The computer, cell phone, and Internet have grown because of the billions of powerful readers that were created by the printing press.

知識就是力量。閱讀在科學、科技、宗教還有政治上創造了令人驚奇的革命。我們學習了如何消除貧窮,甚至旅行到遙遠的世界。電腦、 手機、網路有了成長因為印刷機創造了數十億有影響力的讀者

  From 1450 onward, more and more people have become readers. These billions of readers are powerful, and they help the world to make progress at a fast pace.

1450年起,越來越多的人成為讀者。這些數十億的讀者是有影響力的,他們使這個世界在快速的發展。

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