英文筆記
Comparative vs. superlative
(比較級 v.s. 最高級)
比較級之用法: 1) 必須比較之A 與B (及C) 要處於等質等量狀態. (Ex: A若是動物, 則B也要是動物;
A若為人, 則B也必須是人)
2) adj, adv, verb, nouns皆可做比較級,但是adj比較常見被做舉例.
A: 比較級分為: 1) 優等比較 2) 次(劣)等比較 3) 同等比較
B: 比較級之用法: 1) Be Verb. Ex: I am smarter than Mary is.
2) 一般Verb. Ex: I work harder than Tom does.
C: 比較級之不規則變化:
原級 比較級 最高級
good better the best
well better (the) best
bad worse the worst
far farther / further the farthest / the furthest
ill / sick worse the worst
D: 比較級之規則變化:
1) 若adj. (形容詞)為單一音節, 則加 -er表比較級
若adj. (形容詞)為單一音節, 則加 the + -est表最高級
原級 比較級 最高級
old older the oldest
short shorter the shortest
high higher the highest
2) 若adj. 為短,單母音+y結尾, 則去掉y加 -ier 表比較級
若adj. 為短,單母音+y結尾, 則去掉y加 the + -iest 表最高級
原級 比較級 最高級
happy happier the happiest
lazy lazier the laziest
busy busier the busiest
heavy heavier the heaviest
3) 若adj. 為短,單母音, 則重複字尾子音加 -er 表比較級
若adj. 為短,單母音, 則重複字尾子音加the + -est 表最高級
原級 比較級 最高級
big bigger the biggest
fat fatter the fattest
hot hotter the hottest
4) 若adj. (形容詞)為二音節or以上, 則加more ~表比較級
若adj. (形容詞)為二音節or以上, 則加the most ~表最高級
原級 比較級 最高級
expensive more expensive the most expensive
beautiful more beautiful the most beautiful
careful more careful the most careful
patient more patient the most patient
5) 若adj. (形容詞)為二音節, 但是重音在第二音節, 則重複字尾子音加 -er 表比較級
若adj. (形容詞)為二音節, 但是重音在第二音節, 則重複字尾子音加 -est 表最高級
6) 若要強調比較之結果, 則可在比較級前加 much, little, very ... ->用在不可數(&疑問句)
若要強調比較之結果, 則可在比較級前加 many... ->用在可數(&疑問句)
Ex: I am much heavier than you are.
How many more girlfriends do you have than he does?
7) 次(劣)等比較: 加 less ~ 表示較不 ~ ( less + 原級~ )
加 the least ~表示最不 (the least +原級~ )
Ex: I eat less than you do.
My borther is less tall than your brother is.
Ex: Tom eats the least in his class.
Jim is the least strict among my school teachers.
8) 同等比較: 加 as ~(原級)as
Ex: John is as tall as Tom is.
Ex: Tom drives as carefully as his sister does.
Practice:
Tom is taller than Mary. I have more books than you (do).
Mary is shorter than Tom. I have many more books than you (do).
Mary is less tall than Tom. I have twice more books than you (do).
Mary is not as tall as Tom.
Tom is much taller than Mary.








