Don't look a gift horse in the mouth
最近看到這句慣用語,對它的出處與意思頗好奇,於是搜查了一番,結果如下:
Meaning: Don’t be ungrateful when you receive a gift.
送禮和收禮同樣都是個大學問。但有些人收禮後,迫不及待拆開,查問價錢、批評一番,這可是很不禮貌的行徑。
再來看它的出處:
This comes into the category of phrases called proverbs, that is, ‘short and expressive sayings, in common use, which are recognized as conveying some accepted truth or useful advice'.
As horses age their teeth begin to project further forward each year and so their age can be estimated by checking how prominent the teeth are. This incidentally is also the source of another teeth/age related phrase - long in the tooth.
The advice given in the 'don't look...' proverb is: when given a present, be grateful for your good fortune and don't look for more by examining it to assess its value.
As with most proverbs the origin is ancient and unknown. We have some clues with this one however. The phrase was originally "don't look a given horse in the mouth" and first appears in print in 1546 in John Heywood's A dialogue conteinyng the nomber in effect of all the prouerbes in the Englishe tongue, where he gives it as:
"No man ought to looke a geuen hors in the mouth."
Heywood is an interesting character in the development of English. He was employed at the courts of Henry VIII and Mary I as a singer, musician, and playwright. His Proverbs is a comprehensive collection of those known at the time and includes many that are still with us:
- Many hands make light work. 人多好辦事
- Rome wasn't built in a day. 羅馬不是一天造成的.
- A good beginning makes a good ending. 善始者有善終.
and so on. These were expressed in the literary language of the day, as in "would yee both eat your cake, and have your cake?", but the modern versions are their obvious descendents.
It would be nice to be able to attribute these to Heywood himself, but it's more likely that he collected them from common parlance. He can certainly be given the credit for introducing many proverbs to a wide and continuing audience and that includes one that Shakespeare later borrowed - All's well that ends well.
資料出處: The Phrase Finder
My thought: if you are given something, a present or a chance, you should not waste it by being too critical or examining it too closely.
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