騾說
乘騎者皆賤騾而貴馬。夫煦之以恩,任其然而不然,迫之以威使之然,而不得不然者,世之所謂賤者也。煦之以恩,任其然而然,迫之以威使之然,而愈不然;行止出於其心,而堅不可拔者,世之所謂貴者也,然則馬賤而騾貴矣。
雖然,今夫軼之而不善,檟楚以威之而可以入之善者,非人耶?人豈賤於騾哉?然則騾之剛愎自用,而自以為不屈也久矣。嗚呼!此騾之所以賤於馬歟?
【注釋】
(1) 煦─溫暖、溫馴。
(2) 任其然而不然─放任它這樣,它卻偏不這樣。然,如此、這樣。
(3) 迫之以威─以威勢強迫它。
(4) 行止─一動一靜。
(5) 堅不可拔─堅毅不可動搖。拔,移易。
(6) 軼─通「逸」,放任、放縱。
(7) 檟楚─用來鞭打人畜的木棍。
(8) 入之善─使它向善變好。
(9) 剛愎自用─傲慢固執,自以為是。以騾言之,則是桀傲不馴。
【語譯】
騎乘牲口的人,都不太看重騾子,卻比較寶貴馬匹。
人類運用恩情來溫馴它,放任它這樣,它卻偏不這樣;用威勢迫它這樣,因此,它不得不如此,這就是世俗所謂低賤的動物。用恩情溫馴它,放任它這樣,它就這樣;用威勢脅迫它這樣,它就愈不這樣,動靜行止,完全隨心所欲,而且意志堅定,不可動搖,這是世俗所謂高貴的動物。如此說來,那麼應該是馬低賤而騾高貴了。
話雖這麼說,不過如今放縱騾子,它卻表現不佳;拿木棍鞭打它威嚇它,卻可以使它向善變好,這不就是人(要有刑罰,才肯從善)嗎?人難道比騾子低賤嗎?不過,長久以來騾子剛愎自用,桀傲不馴,不屈不撓,還自命不凡。唉!(就世俗看來,)這就是騾子比馬低賤的原因吧!
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